Doris dorie miller

Doris dorie miller Not much people know about the name Doris â€Å"Dorie† Miller when you ask them. However he was listed as one of the bravest man doing the attack on Pearl Harbor. He was the first African American to be awarded the Navy Cross award, and it was the third highest honor awarded by the US Navy at the time. Who is Doris Miller? Miller was born October 12, 1919 in Waco, Texas to Henrietta and Connery Miller. Being the third of four sons, he grows up in a strong loving household. As a child he often helps around the house, cooking meals and doing laundry, as well as working the fields. He went to high school at Wacos A.J. Moore High School. There he was a good student and a fullback on the football team, they called him the â€Å"Raging Bull† because of his size which was five foot nine and was over two hundred Ibs. He worked on his father farm until the age nineteen. He then when to Dallas to enlist in the US Navy as Mess Attendant, Third Class in September 1939, in which was the only military job classification officially open to African Americans during the time. He had enlisted to travel, and earn money for his family. Miller was trained at the Naval Training Station in Norfolk, Virginia. He was later assigned to the ammunition ship USS Pyro where he served as a Mess Attendant. Then later he was t ransferred to the USS West Virginia. There he became the ships heavyweight boxing champion. Why is Doris Miller Famous? Doris Miller is famous cause of is braver during the attack on Pearl Harbor. He was a cook on board of a ship during the attack on Pearl Harbor. When the attack began he help carry wounded sailors to safer sections of the ship and help carried the ships wounded captain, Mervyn Bennion, off the bridge. He then manned a 50-caliber anti-aircraft machine gun on deck of the ship. He had never been trained to fire the gun at the time. However it was said he shot down as many as six planes before being ordered to abandon ship. A week after Pearl Harbor he was transferred to the USS Enterprise where Commander in Chief Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, pinned the Navys highest award for valor, the Navy Cross on is chest at the age 22. He was the first African American to receive this award. What Happen During the Attack? Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941 Miller was on deck collecting laundry at 7:55 a.m. Most of the other ship crew were either sleeping or spending the weekend ashore. On Sunday morning no one had expected the attacks. When the alarm for the general quarters sounded, Miller ran to his battle station but a torpedo had damage it already. He then was knocked down by an explosions but scrambled back to his feet to see many sailors was wounded by the explosions. He then tries to carry out the wounded sailors to a safer part of the boat. There where he saw the wounded captain and then carried him off the bridge. He then manned a 50-caliber anti-aircraft machine gun on the deck and began to shot down the Japanese aircraft. How Did Miller Die? Miller was aboard the Liscome Bay were they was called on to assist the flight crews who were preparing the planes for launching at dawn. There when no warning a Japanese submarine shot a torpedo and struck the carrier. The entire interior of the ship burst into flames. Within minutes the ship sank, taking down the captain, 53 other officers, and 591 crewmen. Only 272 men were rescued a Dorie Miller was not among them. Dorie Millers parents were later notified that their son was missing in action. The following year, on November 25, 1944, he and the other missing crew member were officially presumed dead. The carrier he was on received one battle star for its service in WW II. Where Are Millers Memorials? Dorie Miller has lots of memorial like the USS Miller a Knox- class frigate was commissioned in his honor. Also the Doris Miller Foundation was founded to give an annual award to the individual or group considered outstanding in the field of race relations. There is a lot more like the Doris Miller Drive, Doris Miller Center, Dorie Miller Houses, Dorie Miller Housing Project, the Dorie and Doris Miller Elementary School, the Doris Miller YMCA, The Doris Miller Park, The Doris Miller Community Center, and must more. Notes Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Vol. IV. Navy Department, 1969. Richardson, Ben. Great American Negroes, Crowell, 1956. Http://www.history.navy.mil/fags/fag57-4.htm â€Å"Mess Attendant Doris Miller.htm.† Medal of Honor.com USS West Virginia Action Report mentioning Miller http://www.answers.com/topic/doris-miller Bibliography Extracts from USS West Virginias 11 December 1941 Action Report, Relating to Doris Miller during the Pearl Harbor Attack African American in the U.S. Navy: A Bibliography The Pearl Harbor Attack, 7 December 1941 National Archives: War in the Pacific: Mess Attendant First Class Doris Miller

A Career In The Culinary Arts Essay

The culinary arts provide many career opportunities within the food service industry. As this industry has grown and prospered, a career in this field has become highly visible and offers the flexibility to work anywhere. Although a career in culinary arts requires extensive professional training and discipline, it offers a combination of challenging and creative work and can provide real job satisfaction. The culinary arts are open to anyone who loves food, cooking, and a challenge. Although the majority of chefs are men, women are gaining master chef status, which is the highest level they can achieve in culinary arts according to the American Culinary Federation (Donovan 1 and 18). This achievement comes after meeting strict requirements for experience, education, competition, and passing an exam. A chef must be skilled in cooking, baking, presentation, cold foods, and nutrition while working in various conditions (Donovan 18). Many kitchens have modern equipment, convenient work areas, and air conditioning. Older places may have marginally equipped and ventilated kitchens. Working conditions also depend on the type and quantity of food being prepared and local laws governing food operations (Donovan 18). see more:moose tobe A chef requires stamina as he must stand, lift heavy pots, pans, and kettles, and work near hot ovens and ranges (Chmelynski 47). Many chefs have earned fame for themselves and the places where they work due to their skills, but how did they get there? Cooking is a profession that emphasizes continuous learning. An increasing number of chefs are obtaining initial training through high school or post high school programs. Although a high school diploma is not required for beginning jobs in the culinary arts, it is highly recommended for a career as a chef (Chmelynski 25). Many two and four year colleges offer programs in the culinary arts. Many of the leading chefs agree that formal schooling is the best way to begin a career in the culinary arts (Peterson 15). Schools offer an opportunity to quickly gain fundamental knowledge of cooking techniques, nutrition and sanitation theory, and various foods. The type of training a chef receives is not exactly similar to other careers. Instead of all  classroom education, the trainee incorporates hands-on, practical work as an apprentice (Donovan 29). An apprenticeship is an on-the-job training program. â€Å"Typical apprenticeship programs entail completion of specific term (typically, three years or 6,000 hours) of full time employment for wages in a kitchen under a qulified chef† (Peterson 26). Besides a quality education, a career in the culinary arts demands dedication, perseverance, and hard work. A chef’s career usually starts at the bottom of the kitchen staff. Some trainees are surprised to find so much repetitive and boring work. The hours are long and demanding and the work is exhausting and highly stressful (Chmelynski VII). The chef must be able to work in a team setting while preparing food in all stages of production, possess a keen sense of taste and smell, be in good physical health, and have good personal hygiene. Most states require health certificates indicating that kitchen workers are free from contagious diseases (Chmelynski 26). The chef must learn how to handle stress and develop people skills, as he will have to coordinate kitchen operations with management and consistently satisfy customers. If a chef is comfortable with other people passing judgment on his work, then the rewards are numerous. â€Å"Pay rates of chefs vary depending on the part of the country and the type of establishment in which they work. Wages are generally higher in the west and in well-known places and hotels. Chefs in famous restaurants earn much more than the minimum rate of $40,000 a year with the additional benefits of health, dental, and life insurance and a profit sharing plan† (Donovan 51). The best benefits are satisfaction as a respected, skilled professional and the opportunity to travel and work in a variety of settings. Plenty of employment opportunities exist in the culinary arts. â€Å"There is a strong demand for talented, well-trained personnel within the food service industry. Approximately, 3.4 million chefs, cooks, and other kitchen workers were employed in 1996† (Chmelynski 48). Usually the kitchen staff is set up in the Traditional Brigade system with three levels- the entry, mid, and chef (Donovan 17). Entry-level positions are the kitchen apprentice and prep  person. They generally clean, trim, and prepare vegetables for stocks, soups, and salads (Donovan 25). Mid-level positions are line cooks working on the food line. The line chef’s titles are sautÃÆ' ©, broiler, vegetable, pantry, and pastry (Donovan 21). The top level is the head chef and sous chef (Donovan 17). The head chef is the authority in the kitchen and is responsible for all kitchen operations (Donovan 16). The sous chef is in charge of the kitchen when the head chef is away (Donovan 20). The size of kitchen staff depends on the type of establishment, variety of food items prepared, and the number of customers served (Donovan 20). However, no matter the size of the operation, advancement opportunities for chefs are better than other culinary art positions. Many chefs acquire higher paying positions and new cooking skills by moving from one job to another. Others advance to executive chef positions in hotels, clubs, and elegant restaurants (Chmelynski 27). A review of highly respected master chefs indicates there is no substitute for experience or education. Julia Child, master chef and author, trained at the famous Cordon Bleu School under the master chef Max Bugnard (Child 19). Paul Bocuse, a famous master chef, apprenticed to legendary French Chef Fernand Point (Bocuse 9). Emeril Lagasse, Commander’s Palace head chef in New Orleans, graduated from Johnson and Wales University in Denver with a degree in culinary arts (Lagasse xi). These chefs show the different ways to obtain a career in the culinary arts. In conclusion, a career in the culinary arts requires a foundation of basic skills and knowledge. It also requires extensive formal education with â€Å"hands-on† training, a desire to be the very best, discipline, and a creative imagination. This is an exciting time to be starting a career in the culinary arts. Not only does it provide a competitive salary, job security, and numerous benefits; it gives you the flexibility to work at national resorts, fine hotels, and exclusive restaurants. Throughout the country there is a strong demand for chefs that are well trained, talented, and creative. It might be interesting to explore the employment opportunities at the 2002 Winter Olympics at Salt Lake City, Utah.

Migration HIV and the political economy theory

Human immunodeficiency Virus (H.I.V) is spread through; 1) Sexual intercourse with an infected individual. 2) Use of needles or syringe for injections with an infected individual. 3) Transfusions of infected blood and blood clotting factors; Children to an infected mother may be infected before, during or after birth due to breastfeeding. (See migration HIV @) Migration is the movement of people from one locality to another. Incase one immigrant is infected there is the risk of spread of the virus. Sexual Intercourse with an infected person; When people move from one place to another they always don’t move with their sex partners. They therefore search for prostitutes or new partners to have sex with. Incase of unprotected sex, the virus will be transmitted. Many couples may not want to for H.I.V checkup so they may not be aware of their status. When these immigrants go back to their original sex partners the virus is spread again. This is normally worsened due to unfaithfulness of married couples or sex partners. Use of needles or syringe for injections with an infected person; In third world countries, needles and syringe are shared due to the unaffordable new ones. Most people don’t know their status and if they know they don’t make others aware. So the use of contaminated needles is normally unavoidable. The illiterate believe that washing needles or syringe thoroughly with hot water is good enough which is not true. Immigrants may not know where to get qualified doctors and frequent quarks that expose them to the risk. When they travel back to their motherlands the virus is spread more. This is also very common with users of Heroine and other illegal drugs. Transfusion of blood and blood clotting factors; Due to high costs of qualified doctors, Immigrants may want to look for cheap nurses without looking at the implications. Blood from donors is not screened at such clinics, this spreads the virus further. A theoretical analysis from a political-economic perspective of migration and the transmission of HIV indicates that citizens of such states can live in any part of the country without restriction in order to improve their standards of living. Due to the struggles of life people are encouraged to look for greener pastures wherever the location, an example is whereby someone is posted to another part of the country or world for work or due to a promotion. Someone may decide to start a business in a different town from his original place of residence. In Kenya, kikuyus are good in making money so they are always ready to do this in any part of the country and end up being immigrants. In Kenya there has been cases of Members of parliament being spotted at Koinange Street, a place for sex trade. Politics have made these people rich and can afford to spend on slats. Prostitues look at this as a major source of income. The city is filled with unemployed immigrants; everytime getting a job proves to be hard they result to prostitution in order to earn a living. Prostutes may be so desperate that they don’t mind having unprotected sex hence become vulnerable. The current Kenyan Government is not allowing prostitution. Streets at night are being cleared everyday and slats asked to get other sources of income. These people end up getting married and may not consider going for a HIV check up before tying the note, they therefore infect their couples. The new government should make it a law that before people get married they should go for a thorough medial check up. This law will minimize the chances of further transmissions. In Kenya; Luos and other tribes encourage wife inheritance this happens as a tradition .The new husband is always the bread winner because most widows are normally poor and cant afford to pay for their bills. In most cases the widows normally have HIV infections. Sex with new husbands/wife is normally a risk. Brothers to the deceased brother may have to move in from other areas to live with the widow or the widow may have to move to her in-law for inheritance. The new Government is also promising to stop this tradition completely. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a deeply rooted tradition in some African communities; an example is the Gusii community in Kenya. Most of those who do the cutting consider it to be a source of income. They don’t change the knives so one cutting objects may be shared by more than twenty people. These circumcisers are illiterate and don’t understand the risk that they expose their clients to. They also consider new tools and equipment to be costly. Female Genital Mutilation is a practice that is not allowed by the Kenya (in Africa) Government so those have the tradition doesn’t looks for professional help hence exposing their clients. Lately, Members of parliament from such areas have been campaigning for the abolition of such traditions. The government should enforce the following laws: 1) One man one woman: Those with job transfers should move with their wives. This will reduce the need for prostitution and unfaithfulness. 2) Prisoners should be allowed to have intimate relationships with their wives: Due to the high levels of poverty in Africa citizens may be tempted to steal are engage in fraud activites. They therefore land in prisons were they might sexual intercourse with other women/men convicts. Prisoners should be visited by their wives at certain times and given a bed to help themselves. 3) Prostitution should be completely abolished: Prostitutes should not be arrested but should be introduced to other styles of income generation. Most prostitutes do it for the sake of money and with most rich people being their clients they might not want to quit. Salaries for Members of Parliament should be reduced and that amount redistributed to the poor through business loans. 4) Hospital/medical expenses should be made affordable: Every citizen will avoid quarks that might share needles/syringe. Gorvement’s trained medical personnel will always make sure that blood is screened before transfusion. 5) Legitimacy and illiteracy should be reduced: Citizens should be encouraged to acquire knowledge and education regarding HIV transmisission. They will therefore stop their awkward thoughts and traditions, which include; a) Female Genital Mutilation where one knife may used on more than twenty people before being washed, not even being changed. b) Marrying of daughters to rich people for the sake of dowry. c) Sharing of needles among drug users. In conclusion, migration should never be a factor contributing the transmission of HIV. People should have sex discipline all the time regardless of their newresidence. This includes: 1) Abstain 2) Be faithful to their sex partners 3) Have protected sex. Prostitutes should also be made aware of the danger they are exposing themselves and the others to besides the economic value of unprotected sex. Personal doctors should always be consulted regardless of the distance. These are the professionals that someone can trust with their treatment and cases of contaminated, blood for transfusion, needles or syringe will be reduced. Â  

How Mating Lovebugs Put Drivers and Cars at Risk

Twice each year, Florida lovebugs make for some miserable motorists in the Sunshine State. These insects tend to swarm around roadsides and carelessly drift into the path of oncoming traffic. The result? Drivers with bug-coated windshields find it difficult to see. What are Florida lovebugs, and why are they such a hazard? Lovebugs Arent Bugs at All The infamous Florida lovebugs are no bugs at all, actually. Bugs, or true bugs, belong to the order hemiptera. Florida lovebugs are true flies of the order diptera. Florida love flies just doesnt have the same ring to it, though. All About Lovebugs The common name Florida lovebugs actually refers to the species Plecia nearctica, a small fly in the family Bibionidae thats also known as the March flies. Theyre black flies with red thoraxes, and most often can be seen flying in mated pairs, male and female joined together. Florida lovebugs are not a native species to North America. They originated in South America, but gradually expanded their range north into Central America, Mexico, and eventually into states that border the Gulf of Mexico. Today, theyve strayed as far north as North Carolina. Lovebugs are closely related to some of the most annoying bugs: mosquitoes, biting midges, sand flies, and fungus gnats. Compared to their kin, Florida lovebugs are quite harmless. They dont bite or sting, nor do they pose a threat to our crops or ornamental plants. In fact, their larvae are important decomposers of plant material that help build soil rich with organic matter. How Do Lovebugs Mate? Lovebugs become a nuisance during two short periods of each year. Florida lovebugs emerge and mate en masse, once in the spring (April to May) and again in late summer (August to September). When they do, they have an unfortunate habit of doing so along roads and highways, where they risk encounters with cars. First, a mating swarm of males, 40 or more in number, takes to the air. Sperm-seeking females fly into the swarm, where they are quickly grasped by partners and whisked off to a more romantic setting in the vegetation. After mating, the pair remains entwined, and together they head off on a honeymoon of sorts, feeding on nectar and choosing a site for oviposition of the couples fertilized eggs. When Lovebug Mating Gets Dangerous At times, the mating Florida lovebugs become so abundant in an area that they become a serious traffic hazard. Drivers traveling through a mating swarm soon find their windshields literally covered in dead lovebugs, limiting visibility. In extreme cases, enough lovebugs can coat the cars grill and disrupt the engines airflow, which can cause the car to overheat. Those who live in lovebug territory know its important to wash the dead lovebugs off your cars exterior as soon as possible. When the bodies of Florida lovebugs bake in the hot sun, their body fluids become acidic and may damage a cars paint. What to Do About Lovebugs If you drive through a swarm of mating lovebugs, make sure you hose your car down as soon as you can to clean your radiator grill and protect your cars paint. Pesticides arent recommended for controlling lovebugs. Although a short-term nuisance, these insects are beneficial in the long-term. Immature lovebug larvae decompose organic waste, and adult lovebugs are noteworthy pollinators.